Association between dietary B vitamins intake and age-specific blood pressure: A cross-sectional study in American adults

Abstract

Objective To explore the relationship between B vitamins and blood pressure across distinct age groups. Methods We analyzed 3654 participants aged ≥20 years after excluding pregnant/lactating individuals and those with incomplete data. B-vitamin intake was calculated from two 24-hour dietary recalls and supplement surveys. Exposure variables included 7 kinds of B vitamins intake, while outcomes comprised hypertension prevalence, systolic and diastolic pressure. The covariates include basic demographics, lifestyle factors, chronic Comorbidities, and nutrient intake. Based on the cross-sectional study, the statistical analyses incorporated NHANES sampling weights. Weighted logistic regression evaluated hypertension association, while linear regression assessed systolic/diastolic pressure differences. RCS model explored nonlinear dose-response relationships. Results Weighted logistic regression and RCS model revealed age-specific and nonlinear characteristics in the b vitamin–blood pressure relationship. Vitamin B1 was negatively correlated with hypertension in ≥60 years old (Q4: Q1 OR (95%CI) =0.27 (0.08, 0.91)). Vitamin B2 was negatively correlated with hypertension in total population at Q4 (OR (95%CI) =0.39 (0.15, 0.99)), and in aged 40–59 years, OR (95%CI) =0.52 (0.33, 0.83). Choline was positively correlated with hypertension in the total population (OR (95%CI) =1.30 (1.08, 1.58)) but negatively correlated with ≥60 years old (OR (95%CI = 0.73 (0.56, 0.95)). Vitamin B12 shown positive associations with hypertension in the total population, 20–39 years old and ≥60 years old OR (95%CI) =1.39 (1.13, 1.71), 1.82 (1.23, 2.69), and 1.63 (1.04, 2.54), respectively. For diastolic pressure, vitamin B1, B2, niacin, B6, and folate displayed significant negative associations in the total population and ≥60 years old. Vitamin B2 was also negatively associated in 40–59 years old. Vitamin B12 exhibited a negative association with diastolic pressure in ≥60 years old. Weight RCS analysis revealed the linear or nonlinear relationships between specific B vitamins and hypertension and systolic/diastolic pressure, with age stratification improving the discernment of these associations. Conclusions Associations between B vitamins intake and hypertension/blood pressure exhibited age-dependent variations. Age-specific considerations are essential for optimizing B vitamins supplementation or restriction.