Evaluation of single-view contrast-enhanced mammography as novel reading strategy: a non-inferiority feasibility study

Abstract

Background: Guidelines recommend screening of high-risk women using breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) has matured, providing excellent diagnostic accuracy. To lower total radiation dose, evaluation of single-view (1 V) CEM exams might be considered instead of double-view (2 V) readings as an alternative reading strategy in women who cannot undergo MRI. Methods: This retrospective non-inferiority feasibility study evaluates whether the use of 1 V results in an acceptable sensitivity for detecting breast cancer (non-inferiority margin, − 10%). CEM images from May 2013 to December 2017 were included. 1 V readings were performed by consensus opinion of three radiologists, followed by 2 V readings being performed after 6 weeks. Cases were considered “malignant” if the final BI-RADS score was ≥ 4, enabling calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Histopathological results or follow-up served as a gold standard. Results: A total of 368 cases were evaluated. Mean follow-up for benign or negative cases was 20.9 months. Sensitivity decreased by 9.6% from 92.9 to 83.3% when only 1 V was used for evaluation (p < 0.001). The lower limit of the 90% confidence interval around the difference in sensitivity between 1 V and 2 V readings was − 15% and lies below the predefined non-inferiority margin of − 10%. Hence, non-inferiority of 1 V to 2 V reading cannot be concluded. AUC for 1 V was significantly lower, 0.861 versus 0.899 for 2 V (p = 0.0174). Conclusion: Non-inferiority of 1 V evaluations as an alternative reading strategy to standard 2 V evaluations could not be concluded. 1 V evaluations had lower diagnostic performance compared with 2 V evaluations. Key Points: • To lower radiation exposure used in contrast-enhanced mammography, we studied a hypothetical alternative strategy: single-view readings (1 V) versus (standard) double-view readings (2 V). • Based on our predefined margin of − 10%, non-inferiority of 1 V could not be concluded. • 1 V evaluation is not recommended as an alternative reading strategy to lower CEM-related radiation exposure.