Thermal comfort in Acehnese traditional houses: an analysis of environmental adaptation and façade performance

Abstract

Traditional houses are constructed from local materials, making them environmentally adaptive. Their design includes strategies to ensure thermal comfort. In Indonesia's warm, humid climate, characterized by high air temperature, high humidity, and low airflow, traditional houses are typically built on stilts using lightweight materials. Aceh, located in the northern part of Sumatra Island and surrounded by the sea, experiences an even warmer climate than the rest of Indonesia. Reflecting these conditions, this study examines the Acehnese traditional house and its potential to provide thermal comfort. Thermal comfort is influenced by factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature. To identify these parameters in the traditional house, the study analyzes façade performance, including building materials, windows and apertures, building form, and the surroundings. Conducted through qualitative observation, this study aims to provide deeper insights into the traditional house's adaptation to its environment in providing thermal comfort. This research shows that elements found in traditional Aceh houses such as roof overhangs, carvings (apertures), thatch roofs, wood materials, and houses that are shaped on stilts play a role in providing thermal comfort in the house.