A Brief Review of Selected Biomechanical Variables for Sport Performance Monitoring and Training Optimization

Abstract

Traditional neuromuscular tests (e.g., jumping and sprinting tasks) are useful to assess athletic performance, but the basic outcomes (e.g., jump height, sprint time) offer only a limited amount of information, warranting a more detailed approach to performance testing. With a more analytical approach and biomechanical testing, neuromuscular function can be assessed in-depth. In this article, we review the utility of selected biomechanical variables (eccentric utilization ratio, force–velocity relationship, reactive strength index, and bilateral deficit) for monitoring sport performance and training optimization. These variables still represent a macroscopic level of analysis, but provide a more detailed insight into an individual’s neuromuscular capabilities, which can be overlooked in conventional testing. Although the aforementioned “alternative” variables are more complex in biomechanical terms, they are relatively simple to examine, with no need for additional technology other than what is already necessary for performing the conventional tests (for example, even smartphones can be used in many cases). In this review, we conclude that, with the exception of the eccentric utilization ratio, all of the selected variables have some potential for evaluating sport performance.