Effect of Antibiotics and Carbohydrate Diet Control Instructions in Improving Glycated Hemoglobin among Type II Diabetic Patients with Periodontitis

Abstract

Aim: This study was aimed to assess the effect of the scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without doxycycline and received carbohydrate diet control instructions in improving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients diagnosed with periodontitis. Materials and methods: Nonrandomized clinical study design was conducted among 150 patients who were referred to the specialist dental centers in Abha city, between April 2019 and March 2021. The patients were allocated into two groups. Those receiving SRP with doxycycline were classified as group A, whereas patients who received SRP alone were classified as group B. The HbA1c levels were assessed at the baseline, and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Statistical package for the social sciences SPSS version 26 was used. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in HbA1c level between the two groups during follow-up after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months (p <0.001, p <0.001, p <0.001, and p <0.001, respectively). Moreover, the improvement in HbA1c level was significantly observed after 24 months of follow-up in group A compared to group B (p <0.001) and most of this improvement was after the first 3 months of the follow-up. Conclusion: The SRP associated with doxycycline is more effective in improving HbA1c level among type II DM patients diagnosed with periodontitis than SRP alone. Most of the improvement is seen after 3 months of the follow-up. Clinical significance: Valuable information is provided for dental professionals about the importance of prescription of antibiotics with the periodontal treatment in improving the HbA1c level in type II DM patients.