Hydroxyapatite from natural sources: Methods and its characteristics

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is widely known as bioceramics with excellent biocompatibility. Also, hydroxyapatite has biodegradable properties that can support the bone therapy process and can be applied as a bone scaffolds. In recent years, the preparation of hydroxyapatite from natural sources is exciting to be developed. This is because, natural resources, especially in the form of waste, are very abundant and can produce hydroxyapatite with good osteoconductive properties. In this review article, we conducted a study related to the comparative preparation methods and characteristics of hydroxyapatite derived from natural waste such as eggshells, animal bones, and cockle shells. Some of the main characteristics reviewed include crystal characteristics, particle size, and morphology of hydroxyapatite particles.