Effectively training dementia care specialists and other dementia professionals on using the DICE ApproachTM with caregivers to improve the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Most persons living with dementia will exhibit at least one behavioral or psychological symptom of dementia (BPSD) (Kales, et al., 2015). As brain pathology progresses, challenging behaviors can increase in frequency and severity, causing an increase in caregiver stress and burden. Furthermore, BPSD can result in unplanned hospitalizations and unnecessary use of psychotropic medications. Non-pharmacological management of BPSD should be the first line of treatment. The DICE (Describe, Investigate, Create, Evaluate) ApproachTM was developed by experts from the University of Michigan and John Hopkins University, to help caregivers learn how to identify and manage BPSD. This project describes a statewide implementation of the DICE approach with community-based dementia care providers. METHODS: From September 2017 to April 2020, we held four DICE trainings (three in-person trainings, one web-based training) for Dementia Care Specialists (DCSs) and other dementia care professionals who work directly with family caregivers of people with dementia in Wisconsin. We assessed trainees' knowledge and attitudes from the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Knowledge about Memory Loss and Care test (KAML-C) at baseline of training, immediately after training, and six months after training. Consultations were provided to address challenging cases. RESULTS: Participants (N=136) in both in-person and online DICE trainings experienced significant changes in knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes from baseline to post-training (immediately after training) assessments (p