74. Empiric Antibiotic Therapy and Community-onset Bacterial Co-infection in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Multi-hospital Cohort Study

Abstract

CONTEXT: Exercise training improves bone mineral density, but little is known about the effects of training on bone marrow (BM) metabolism. BM insulin sensitivity has been suggested to play an important role in bone health and whole-body insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exercise training on BM metabolism. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS: Sedentary healthy (n=28, 40-55 years, all males) and insulin resistant subjects (IR) (n=26, 43-55 years, males/females 16/10). INTERVENTION: Two weeks of sprint interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured femoral, lumbar and thoracic BM insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fasting free fatty acid uptake (FFAU) using positron-emission tomography and bone turnover markers from plasma. RESULTS: At baseline, GU was highest in lumbar, followed by thoracic and lowest in femoral BM (all p<0.0001). FFAU was higher in lumbar and thoracic than femoral BM (both p<0.0001). BM FFAU and femoral BM GU were higher in healthy compared to IR men and in females compared to males (all p<0.05). Training increased femoral BM GU similarly in all groups and decreased lumbar BM FFAU in males (all p<0.05). Osteocalcin and PINP were lower in IR than healthy men and correlated positively with femoral BM GU and glycemic status (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BM metabolism differs regarding anatomical location. Short-term training improves BM GU and FFAU in healthy and IR subjects. Bone turnover rate is decreased in insulin resistance and associates positively with BM metabolism and glycemic control.