The Impact of Globalization on the Architectural Identity of Bahrain: Challenges and Opportunities in Preserving Heritage

Abstract

This research investigates how globalization affects the architectural identity Bahrain, particularly focusing on the tension between modernization and the preservation of cultural heritage. Historically, Bahraini architecture has reflected local materials, climate, and cultural traditions, but global design trends increasingly shape the nation’s urban landscape. This creates concerns over the potential loss of cultural distinctiveness and raises the question of how Bahrain can modernize without erasing its architectural roots. To examine this issue, the research adopted a mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative tools. Case studies of the Muharraq Pearling Path and Bahrain Financial Harbour provided contrasting examples of heritage preservation and globalized design. Semi-structured interviews with Bahraini architect Eng. Layla Al-Alawi offered expert insights, while document analysis reviewed government policies. A public questionnaire with 44 responses gathered data on public perceptions, attitudes, and preferences regarding architectural identity. The findings show that while globalization brings innovations, it also threatens local identity. Both public opinions and expert views highlight the need for hybrid designs, policy incentives, and educational initiatives that combine modernity with cultural authenticity. The research concludes that safeguarding architectural heritage of Bahrain requires integrated strategies across design, governance, and public awareness.