Myeloid malignancies with somatic GATA2 mutations can be associated with an immunodeficiency phenotype

Abstract

Germline mutations in GATA2 are associated with a complex immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition syndrome. Somatic GATA2mut in myeloid malignancies may impart a similar phenotype. We reviewed adult patients with a diagnosis of GATA2mut hematological malignancy who were referred to our HHMC for genetic testing, and identified to have somatic GATA2mut. Nine patients with a median age of 63 years were included. Six patients (66.7%) were males. Atypical CML and acute myeloid leukemia were the most common initial presentation. The median overall VAF was 47.14%. Monocytopenia was pronounced when the GATA2mut involved the C-terminal ZFD. GATA2 N-terminal ZFD mutations tend to be co-mutated with biCEBPAmut. Unlike germline GATA2 mutations, monocytopenia associated with somatic GATA2 mutations often resolved at remission. We concluded that similar to germline GATA2 mutations, a subset of somatic GATA2 mutations can impart a germline phenotype.