Investigation of Runoff and Flooding in Urban Areas based on Hydrological Models: A Literature Review

Abstract

Hydrological models significantly estimate water movements and their distribution at local and catchment sizes. They have been used to simulate the relative between rainfall and runoff. They enhance city planners and hydrology communities to investigate the complex relationship between precipitation and runoff in catchment and city sizes. Water movement is a vital matter, especially on the ground. This study reviews several hydrological modeling studies in different environments, including spatial analysis in the Watershed Modelling System (WMS). It seeks to consider only the most critical Hydrology and Hydraulic Modelling to investigate water in a watershed. Furthermore, this review gives a fundamental understanding of the empirical hydrology methods used to calculate runoff and a brief for 2D denominational. This review found that Hydrology Modelling is based on a) Loss Methods, b) Direct Run-off, and c) 2 Dimensional. This review concluded that the popular hydrology models applied in different environments are the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hedrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Also, Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) sites are at the top of the hydraulic water depth (1D) and water Distributed (2D) models to assess flood plans. Hydrological models became a postnatal application to understand flood risk in both gauged and ungauged catchments.