Coconut shell bio-oil distillation: Its characteristic and product distribution

Abstract

The properties of bio-oil distillation and product distribution are critical for parameter optimization and reaction conditions. In this work, low-reaction temperature of 96, 97, 98, 99, and 100 °C was conducted. The slow pyrolysis process at 500 °C with a 1 hour holding period yielded the coconut shell bio-oil employed in this research. The characteristic components of bio-oil were thoroughly evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The research founded that during the distillation reaction process, a similar critical point was thoroughly established, which might be attributed to the steady system created by the hydroxyl group. As a result, bio-oil distillation might be divided into 3 stages: steady, explosive, and heating. The content of acetic acid, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, and phenol are dominated. Acetic acid yield showed an increase, followed by the distillation reaction temperature. Phenol yield was also observed as a dominant product in the bio-oil. The higher phenol yield was observed at a temperature of 98 °C is 38 %. The observed phenomena could be related to the oxidation of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin to form phenol, the bio-major oil component. The specific distillation properties and product distribution provide a great look at the reaction process and component enrichment patterns, which can aid formulation and parameter adjustment.