Acute toxicity test of 96% ethanol extract of syzygium myrtifolium leaves in white mice (Mus musculus)

Abstract

Introduction: Acute toxicity effects appear within a short time following the oral administration of either a single dose or repeated doses of toxin within 24 hours. Acute toxicity testing involves the administration of a range of doses across several groups of experimental animals with one dose administered per group, followed by the observation of toxic effects and mortality. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50) and acute toxicity of an ethanol extract of Syzygium myrtifolium leaves in white mice. Methods: Exposed groups consisted of a negative control group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) and four treatment groups (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight (bw)). Mortality was observed for 14 days following oral administration. Results: The results demonstrated an LD50 of 1995 mg/kg bw, categorised as moderately toxic. Observed toxic effects included white lesions in the lungs, blackened liver, organ swelling, and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity and thorax.