Low magnesium level as an indicator of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with complications

Abstract

Aim: Alteration in the metabolism of magnesium have an influence on different metabolic and signaling pathways involved in development of diabetes and its progression. Reduced magnesium level was associated with diabetes related complications. The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of magnesium in diabetic patients having different complications and the association of magnesium with status of glycemic control. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among 88 type 2 diabetic patients, subdivided into two groups according to diabetic complications (with complications n = 55; without complications n = 33) and biochemical variables were measured. Results: The serum magnesium level was decreased in diabetic patients having any complications (P = 0.039) or independent complication (nephropathy, P = 0.437; retinopathy, P = 0.038; neuropathy, P = 0.012 and macrovascular complication, P = 0.039), also decrease with increase in number of diabetic complications. Serum magnesium showed an inverse relation with glycemic parameters (HbA1c (r = −0.323; P = 0.002) and fasting blood glucose (r = - 0.321; P = 0.002)). Conclusion: The low levels of magnesium in diabetic complications, indicates the poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. Hence, maintaining the sufficient level of magnesium can control glycemia, thereby prevent the development of diabetic complications.