Cost-effectiveness of drug-management of hypertension among patients in selected secondary facilities in Nigeria: Empirical evidence for rational prescription choices

Abstract

Background: The financial burden of managing hypertension in developing countries, where most of healthcare is funded out-of-pocket, is huge and poor patients cannot sustainably afford it. This is a challenge for most people, especially in sub-Sa-haran Africa with poor health indices, and this informed the investigation of the cost-effectiveness of anti-hypertensive drugs. Methodology: This was essentially a before-and-after study without control, in which blood pressure was assessed after commencing treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs among hypertensive patients. A systematic sampling technique was employed to recruit 320 participants from new patients attending cardiology clinic and admitted into the wards in four secondary health facilities offering specialized medical services in Nigeria. Results: The median cost of drug treatment of hypertension per week was N977.50; this cost was much lower for monotherapy than combined therapy. Similarly, the median costs of treatment per decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher with combined therapy than monothe-rapy. The median cost of treatment per decrease in systolic blood pressure was higher than diastolic pressure. Diuretics had the most cost per decrease in diastolic blood pressure, while ACEI had the highest costs per decrease in systolic blood pressure and the highest cost per week. The lowest cost per week was recorded for beta-blockers, which also had the lowest cost per decrease in diastolic blood pressure and similar to the average cost per unit decrease in systolic blood pressure for centrally acting drugs. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in blood pressure three months following the start of anti-hypertensive drugs. Beta-blockers appeared most cost-effective while diuretics as well as ACE inhibitors were the least. Monotherapy costs less per week, but it could not be proved from this study that it was more cost-effective than combined therapy.