A review of mechanical thrombectomy techniques for acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

Mechanical thrombectomy is established as standard of care in the management of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion and evidence-based guidelines for mechanical thrombectomy have been defined. As research continues to further expand the eligibility criteria for thrombectomy and the number of thrombectomy procedures increase worldwide, there is also growing focus on innovation of thrombectomy devices, procedural techniques, and related outcomes. Thrombectomy primarily involves use of stent retrievers and distal aspiration techniques, but variations and different combinations of techniques have been reported. As this is a rapidly evolving area in stroke management, there is debate as to which, if any, of these techniques leads to improved clinical outcomes over another and there is a lack of data comparing them. In this review, currently published and distinct techniques of mechanical thrombectomy are described methodically along with illustrations to aid in understanding the subtle differences between the techniques. The perceived benefits of each variation are discussed.