Desenvolvimento territorial sustentável em debate: estrutura e organização da pesca artesanal na Grande Florianópolis

Abstract

Almost the entire territory of municipalities in the Rio de Janeiro State South littoral (Paraty and Angra dos Reis) is included in some Protected Area category. This study investigates the implications of biodiversity conservation and development policies on artisanal fisheries at a Marine Protected Area, namely the Ecological Station (ESEC) of Tamoios. Coastal fisheries management institutions responses (formal or informal) to changes in the last fifty years were analyzed in local and regional (Ilha Grande Bay) levels. A second objective was to investigate which changes in the institutional arrangement ESEC of Tamoios have the potential to increase institutional robustness of coastal artisanal fisheries and contribute to on-going territorial development dynamics in the socio- ecological system. Field work was undertaken at two of the most affected communities by the ESEC of Tamoios during one hundred and fifty-four days distributed along two years and eight months between February 2011 and September 2013. The research method was based in grounded theory and techniques employed for data collection included: (i) semi- structured and open interviews with one hundred and forty-eight individuals; (ii) policies review and analysis of documented sources; (iii) direct observation in decision making arenas and; (iv) participant observation in fishing activities. The challenges and opportunities for territorial development at Ilha Grande Bay are discussed based in responses by the State to the crisis in fishery resources and in socio-ecological systems literature. Local level technical innovations in fishing gears, commerce and fisheries resources management institutions are also presented. The principles for designing robust institutions are compared to the current condition of artisanal fisheries in the studied communities and with artisanal fisheries claims. The potential for adaptive co-management processes related to the analysis of stakeholder interactions to promote changes in the institutional arrangement of the ESEC of Tamoios are discussed.