Cost-Effective and Scalable Approach to EV Battery Management: MOSFET-Based Passive Cell Balancing

Abstract

Cell balancing is crucial for preserving battery life and protecting battery cells in order to guarantee the safe and dependable functioning of LiFePo4 batteries on electric vehicles. Because passive cell balancing is inexpensive and simple to perform, BMS routinely uses it. In the passive cell balancing procedure, resistors are used as the balancing element to eliminate excess charge in the battery. Although resistors are inefficient when used with little cells, they are necessary when using large capacity batteries.  The internal resistance of MOSFETs, which is utilized as a balancing element, allows for efficient cell balancing. The need for extra balancing components is eliminated by utilizing the MOSFET's intrinsic resistance. The current through the resistance is decreased hence the power losses are minimized and the heat dissipation is also reduced thus, the battery pack temperature is also maintained in the nominal value which decreases the danger of battery damage due to temperature.