Isolated nail fold vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Objectives - To establish the clinical significance of isolated nail fold vasculitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods - Patients attending hospital with established RA were assessed by a single observer using unaided vision. Isolated nail fold vasculitis (NFV) was diagnosed as small nail edge or nail fold lesions without any evidence of other extraarticular or systemic vasculitis. Patients were followed prospectively. Results - Thirty patients with isolated NFV were identified and followed for a median interval of 22 months. Three patients died within three months of diagnosis and six developed complications possibly indicative of extra-articular disease: xerostomia (three), pericarditis (one), pleural effusion and empyaema (one), pulmonary fibrosis (one). No patient developed systemic vasculitis. Conclusion - Isolated NFV has a favourable prognosis compared with systemic vasculitis. There is a low risk of developing systemic or extra-articular disease.