Digestion ruminale et absorption intestinale des protéines du lupin extrudé chez la vache laitière

  • Benchaar C
  • Bayourthe C
  • Moncoulon R
  • et al.
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Abstract

Résumé ― Quatre vaches Holstein en lactation munies de canules (rumen, duodénum et iléon) sont utilisées afin d'étudier l'effet de l'extrusion à 195 °C sur le devenir des matières organique et azotée de la graine entière du lupin (Lupinus albus cv Lublanc). Le Cr-EDTA et YBCI, sont utilisés comme marqueurs respectifs des phases liquide et solide. Les protéines bactériennes sont estimées par le biais des bases puriques et de 15 N. L'incorporation du lupin extrudé dans la ration des ani-maux ne modifie pas l'orientation des fermentations et la digestion apparente de la matière organi-que dans le rumen; par contre, elle diminue la dégradation des matières azotées dans la panse et de ce fait augmente d'une part, la quantité de protéines d'origine alimentaire à l'entrée du duodénum et, d'autre part, leur digestibilité dans l'intestin grêle (l'arrivée de l'azote bactérien dans le duodénum n'étant pas modifiée). L'ingestion de lupin extrudé n'affecte pas la digestibilité des matières organi-que et azotée dans l'ensemble du tube digestif. lupin / extrusion / protéines / rumen / intestin Summary ― Ruminal digestion and intestinal absorption of extruded lupin seeds in lactating cows. Four lactating cows fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were used to study the effect of extrusion of whole lupin seeds at 195 °C (Lupinus albus cv Lublanc) on organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation in the rumen and their flow to and absorption from the small intestine. Raw whole lupin seeds (RWLS) and extruded whole lupin seeds (EWLS) were fed in diets containing 15.5% crude protein and composed of 22.6% whole lupin seeds, 56.5% corn silage, 10.2% corn grain and 10.7% Italian ray-grass on a DM basis, supplemented with vitamins and miner-als. Chromium ethylenediaminotetraacetic (Cr-EDTA) and ytterbium chloride (YbCI3) were used as liquid and particulate markers respectively, while purines and !5N ammonium sulfate were utilized as bacterial markers. Cows fed EWLS had a similar ruminal ammonia N and volatile fatty acid concen-trations and efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis compared to those fed the RWLS diet. Total tract OM and N digestion were not affected by inclusion of EWLS instead of RWLS; the correspond-ing mean values were 70 and 71 °l. Apparent degradation of OM and N in the rumen were 44 and 64% for diets containing RWLS, and 40 and 39% for EWLS diets. Feeding diets including EWLS both increased non ammonia N and d,etary N flow to the duodenum compared with diets containing RWLS (472 vs 357 g/d) and (263 vs 153 g/d) respectively. Absorption from the small intestine (g/d and % entering) of dietary N was higher for EWLS diets (146 vs 62 g/d; 34 vs 15%). The PDIA, PDIE and PDIN contents (g/kg of DM) of RWLS were 18, 94 and 245 respectively; the corresponding val-ues after extrusion were 145, 220 and 220. lupin seed / extruston / protein / rumen / intestine * Correspondance et tirés à part INTRODUCTION

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Benchaar, C., Bayourthe, C., Moncoulon, R., & Vernay, M. (1991). Digestion ruminale et absorption intestinale des protéines du lupin extrudé chez la vache laitière. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 31(6), 655–665. https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19910605

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