Research trends and gaps in ant-mediated seed dispersal: a review with emphasis on Brazilian biomes

Abstract

This scientometric review analyzes global research patterns on seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) from 2009 to 2019, with particular emphasis on geographic and methodological biases across Brazilian biomes. Our analysis reveals not only pronounced disparities in research distribution, with studies heavily concentrated in Atlantic Forest and Cerrado ecosystems, while Amazonia, Pantanal, and Pampa remain critically understudied, but also fundamental methodological limitations that constrain our understanding of the ecological role of myrmecochory. More importantly, we provide the first comprehensive biome-level comparison of research effort and methodological approaches, identifying critical gaps in distinguishing seed dispersal from predation events and assessing post-dispersal seed viability. Rather than merely documenting these imbalances, we offer a strategic framework for prioritizing research in underrepresented biomes and implementing standardized methodologies. Our findings have direct implications for conservation planning and restoration ecology, particularly in threatened tropical ecosystems where ant-mediated dispersal could significantly enhance recovery programs. Addressing these geographic and methodological biases is therefore essential for advancing myrmecochory research and improving its applied relevance.