Influence of temperature on testicular function

Abstract

Germ cells are sensitive to heat, thus thermoregulation is a determinant factor for reproductive success. The increase in testicular temperature can occur due to internal or external factors and contributes to the increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which induces testicular degeneration and loss of germ cells. Furthermore, changes in testosterone and corticosteroid levels in animals submitted to heat shock can be observed and compromises the reproductive capacity. On the other hand, in response to heat, as a protection, an increase in synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSP) is observed. Therefore, the semen quantity and quality, consequently, the fertility are compromised by high temperatures, which makes necessary studies that furthers the knowledge on the changes caused, and that search for therapies that preserve and repair the testicular functions.