Interference Mitigation Using UNet for Integrated Sensing and Communicating Vehicle Networks via Delay–Doppler Sounding Reference Signal Approach

Abstract

Advanced communication systems, particularly in the context of autonomous driving and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), require high precision and refresh rates for environmental perception, alongside reliable data transmission. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the ISAC performance in existing 4G and 5G systems by utilizing a two-dimensional offset in the Delay–Doppler (DD) domain, effectively leveraging the sounding reference signal (SRS) resources. This method aims to improve spectrum efficiency and sensing accuracy in vehicular networks. However, a key challenge arises from interference between multiple users after the wireless propagation of signals. To address this, we propose a deep learning-based interference mitigation solution using an UNet architecture, which operates on the Range–Doppler maps. The UNet model, with its encoder–decoder structure, efficiently filters out unwanted signals, therefore enhancing the system performance. Simulation results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of environmental sensing and resource utilization while mitigating interference, even in dense network scenarios. Our findings suggest that this DD-domain-based approach offers a promising solution to optimizing ISAC capabilities in current and future communication systems.