Integrative environmental governance strategy: Harmonising AMDAL, customary law, and economic incentives to strengthen local wisdom in west sumatra

Abstract

This study proposes an integrative environmental governance strategy by harmonising the AMDAL legal framework, customary law systems, and community-based economic incentive mechanisms as a sustainable approach in West Sumatra. Through qualitative case studies in several regions, the study analyses the effectiveness of the co-management model in AMDAL and incentive schemes. The results indicate that the active involvement of indigenous communities in the AMDAL process enhances transparency, mitigates conflict, and strengthens the economic pillar through increased income and participation in conservation efforts. This study recommends environmental policy reforms based on the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), the integration of multi-Actor institutions, and the mainstreaming of economic incentives into regional fiscal planning. This strategy is considered effective in promoting inclusive, efficient, and contextually relevant environmental governance across the diversity of local legal systems.