Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Annona squamosa L Seed and Leaves Extract: Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Potency

Abstract

Creating efficient therapeutic techniques against multi-drug resistant pathogens is crucial in the age of rising bacterial resistance and infectious disease outbreaks. In this case, Annona squamosa seed and leaf extract were used to create silver nanoparticles, which were then assessed using various characterization techniques, including UV-vis scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, particle size, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs were tested for their ability to combat a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as their ability to control free radicals and inflammation brought on by skin damage caused by microbial infection. AgNPs from seeds have a greater effect than those from leaves, so they were used to create several batches of gel formulation utilizing different gelling agents such as HPMC, chitosan, and Carbopol. Gel was also evaluated for its physical characteristics, including color, clarity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and extrudability. It also underwent a centrifugation test and a drug release test. Since the F6 batch outperformed the other batches in the evaluation test, it was chosen to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity.