The characteristics, life problems and clinical management of older adults who self-harm: Findings from the multicentre study of self-harm in England

Abstract

Background: Older adults have a high risk of suicide following self-harm. Contemporary information on self-harm in this population is needed to inform care provision. Objectives: To examine subgroup differences in the incidence of self-harm, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, preceding life problems and outcomes in individuals aged 60 years and over presenting to hospital following self-harm. Method: Data on Emergency Department (ED) presentations for self-harm from 2003 to 2016 from three centres in the Multicentre Study of Self-Harm in England were analysed. Changes in self-harm rates were examined using Poisson regression. Univariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with 12-month self-harm repetition. Results: There were 3850 presentations for self-harm by 2684 individuals aged 60 years and over. Self-harm rates increased over time for 60–74-year-old men (Incident Rate Ratio = 1.04, 95% Confidence Interval 1.02–1.06, p < 0.0001). Problems most frequently reported to have preceded self-harm were mental health (40.5%) and physical health (38.3%) concerns. Problems with alcohol, finances, employment and relationship with partner were found more frequently in 60–74-year-olds compared with those aged over 74 years. Physical health problems were common with increasing age, as were problems with alcohol for men. One in ten (10.8%) individuals presented to hospital with self-harm within 12 months of their index presentation. Conclusions: Self-harm-related ED attendances in older men have increased, particularly for men aged 60–74 years. Prevention and clinical management should involve a comprehensive psychosocial assessment to target common precipitants for the wide range of problems preceding self-harm and may include support with physical and mental wellbeing and advice on safer alcohol use.