Diabetes and oral diseases- A review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the major chronic health problems faced by the society today. The prevalence of dia-betes is increasing worldwide and has been forecasted to double in the next 20 years. The major increase in morbidity and morta-lity of diabetes is due to the development of complications. India shelters the most number of people with diabetes mellitus wor-ldwide. The term diabetes mellitus describes a group of disorders characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood abnor-malities of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Uncontrolled DM has a wide range of complications like diabetic neuro-pathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia and sepsis. A number of oral diseases and disorders have been associated with diabetes mellitus. Oral complications of uncontrolled diabetes include periodontal dise-ase, oral candidiasis, tooth loss, and dental caries. Other complications include oral mucosal ulcers, taste impairment, halitosis, xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction, and burning mouth sensation. Oral complications of DM may alter the quality of individual's life. Introduction With increasing insulin resistance, there is also an increase Diabetes mellitus represents one of the major chronic hea-in insulin production in the pancreas. As long as the produ-lth problems faced by the society today. Diabetes mellitus ction of beta cells of pancreas drops under 50%, a pre-dia-is a metabolic disease characterized by dysregulation of betic state arises, characterized with postprandial hypergl-carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. The primary ycemia, possibly remaining undiscovered during classical feature of this disorder is elevation in blood glucose levels examinations. The latter state continuously advances into (hyperglycemia), resulting from either a defect in insulin fully developed diabetes with various complications inclu-5