Sweat-Permeable, Microbiota-Preserving, Mechanically Antibacterial Patch for Long-Term Interfacing with Perspiring Skin

Abstract

The prolonged health monitoring using wearable technology faces challenges stemming from perspiration, including bacterial proliferation, compromised adhesion, signal quality deterioration, and user discomfort. Notably, excessive sweat fosters bacterial colonization, escalating infection risks, and compromising biomarker analysis. Existing antibacterial approaches, unfortunately, risk disrupting the delicate balance of skin microbiota. To address this, a Janus patch featuring Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) modification is developed, which exhibits sustained antibacterial properties while preserving the epidermal microecology. It integrates a hydrophilic LDH fabric that mechanically eradicates bacteria via a nanoknife effect, and a laser-engraved medical adhesive with microholes for unidirectional sweat transport. This innovative design not only enhances adhesion stability but also safeguards the skin microbiome by preventing direct contact with Zn-Al LDH. Moreover, the patch seamlessly interfaces with sweat-monitoring technologies like microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (uPADs) sensors, ensuring 100% antibacterial efficacy and efficient sweat redirection for reliable detection while prioritizing user comfort. It can serve as a durable bridge between perspiring skin and epidermal sensors, revolutionizing the realm of long-term health monitoring.