Assessment of sclerostin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis: A clinico-biochemical cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background. Sclerostin, a glycoprotein, plays a key role in regulating bone mass. In this study, sclerostin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed in patients with Stage III Grade C generalized periodontitis (SIII-GC) and Stage III Grade B generalized periodontitis (SIII-GB). Methods. This cross-sectional study included 30 participants divided equally into three groups: group I (gingival health), group II (SIII-GC), and group III (SIII-GB). Clinical periodontal parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. A sandwich ELISA was used to determine the sclerostin levels in GCF samples. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used to analyze the clinical parameters and GCF sclerostin levels. The association between GCF sclerostin levels and periodontal parameters was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Results. Patients in groups II and III had much higher sclerostin levels in their GCF than in group I (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, no significant difference in sclerostin levels was observed between the two diseased conditions (P = 0.841). Concerning periodontal parameters, a statistically significant difference was observed between the three groups. There was a positive correlation between the periodontal clinical parameters and the expression levels of sclerostin in GCF (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Increased expression of sclerostin in GCF in patients with periodontitis indicated that it could be considered a reliable biomarker of periodontal disease activity.