Anna Atkins and the making of macroalgae cyanotypes and their role in science education

Abstract

In this article we draw attention to the use of cyanotypes in promoting history, science and education. The new photographic process of cyanotypes was utilised by Anna Atkins and between 1843 and 1853 she published the first books illustrated by photography, which were a series of plates of macroalgae. Atkins was working against societal expectations and the role of women in science is explored and how society cannot always stifle personal endeavour. The process of making cyanotypes is described and offers a tool for teaching modern science such as photochemical reactions and their importance in biochemistry and ecology. It demonstrates how the advancement of these subjects is based in incremental discoveries documented in the history of science. It also introduces field work, laboratory work and the application of science outside of educational settings. The method will engage student interest in a practical educational setting culminating with a unique cyanotype which bridges the still controversial area where science and art meet. With care any cyanotype produced will still look pristine in over 180 years’ time as demonstrated by the Atkins books still held in museum collections.