The quality of surface water in karst systems. A study on the River Formoso basin, Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil

Abstract

The main objective of this research is to analyse the unique aspects of a karstic system. The River Formoso watershed presents an unbalanced social-nature relationship because of the use of its drainage and its scenic beauty is threatened because of increased turbidity and other signs of pollution. This work analyses and classifies the surface waters in the area according to the Brazilian Environmental Council recommendations (physicochemical parameters and flow velocity were analysed from 36 collection points). The results indicate that waters arriving in this karstic system show chemical concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and carbonate, which account for high conductivity, alkalinity, and low turbidity. However, there is evidence of contamination from monocultures, cattle farms, and urban areas). The results of this research can be useful in three main ways: understanding aspects that influence the water quality of a karst area; understanding the environmental impacts related to the anthropic use of water in the study area; and assisting in the territorial planning strategies of this area – which features important environmental, touristic, economic, and social values for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.