Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production

Abstract

This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realized. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement before it can be used in plant breeding programmes. The authors explore the rationale and approaches for such pre-breeding efforts as the basis for broadening the genetic base of crop production. Examples from a range of major food crops (pearl millet, maize, potatoes, cassava and Musa) are presented and issues analysed by leading authorities from around the world. Twenty-seven papers are presented in 4 sections: general principles (7 papers), crop case studies (5 papers), population management (8 papers), and other approaches to broadening the genetic base of crops (7 papers). The book is aimed at plant breeders, genetic resource conservation scientists and research managers in agriculture and biodiversity. 1 Broadening the Genetic Base of Crops: an Overview / H.D. Cooper, C. Spillane, T. Hodgkin 1 -- 2 Evolutionary and Genetic Perspectives on the Dynamics of Crop Genepools / C. Spillane, P. Gepts 25 -- 3 Base-broadening: Introgression and Incorporation / W. Spoor, N.W. Simmonds 71 -- 4 Role of Local-level Geneflow in Enhancing and Maintaining Genetic Diversity / J. Berthaud, J.C. Clement, L. Emperaire, D. Louette, F. Pinton, J. Sanou, S. Second 81 -- 5 Regulatory Aspects of Breeding for Diversity / N.P. Louwaars 105 -- 6 Decentralized and Participatory Plant Breeding for Marginal Environments / S. Ceccarelli, S. Grando, A. Amri, F.A. Asaad, A. Benbelkacem, M. Harrabi, M. Maatougui, M.S. Mekni, H. Mimoun, R.A. El-Einen, M. El-Felah, A.F. El-Sayed, A.S. Shreidi, A. Yahyaoui 115 -- 7 Empowering Farmers and Broadening the Genetic Base: Agricultural Research and Resource Management / R. Salazar 137 -- Part 2 Crop Case Studies -- 8 State of Millet Diversity and its Use in West Africa / O. Niangado 147 -- 9 State of the Use of Maize Genetic Diversity in the USA and Sub-Saharan Africa / S.P. Tallury, M.M. Goodman 159 -- 10 State of the Use of Potato Genetic Diversity / R. Ortiz 181 -- 11 State of the Use of Cassava Genetic Diversity and a Proposal to Enhance it / G. Second, C. Iglesias 201 -- 12 State of the Use of Musa Diversity / S.L. Sharrock, J.-P. Horry, E.A. Frison 223 -- Part 3 Population Management -- 13 Dynamic Management of Genetic Resources: a 13-year Experiment on Wheat / I. Goldringer, J. Enjalbert, J. David, S. Paillard, J.L. Pham, P. Brabant 245 -- 14 Genetic Base-broadening of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Nordic Countries / M. Vetelainen, E.A.J. Nissila 261 -- 15 Evolutionary Changes in Cambridge Composite Cross Five of Barley / K.M. Ibrahim, J.A. Barrett 271 -- 16 Genetic Base-broadening in the West Indies Sugar Cane Breeding Programme by the Incorporation of Wild Species / A.J. Kennedy 283 -- 17 Potential of Genetic Resources and Breeding Strategies for Base-broadening in Beta / L. Frese, B. Desprez, D. Ziegler 295 -- 18 HOPE, a Hierarchical, Open-ended System for Broadening the Breeding Base of Maize / L.W. Kannenberg 311 -- 19 Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Project: Private and Public Sector Collaboration / L.M. Pollak, W. Salhuana 319 -- 20 A French Cooperative Programme for Management and Utilization of Maize Genetic Resources / A. Gallais, J.P. Monod 331 -- Part 4 Other Approaches to Broadening the Genetic Base of Crops -- 21 Broadening the Genetic Base of Lentil in South Asia / W. Erskine, S. Chandra, M. Chaudhry, A. Sarker, B. Sharma, M. Tufail, M.C. Tyagi 341 -- 22 Genetic Diversity of Barley: Use of Locally Adapted Germplasm to Enhance Yield and Yield Stability of Barley in Dry Areas / S. Grando, R. von Bothmer, S. Ceccarelli 351 -- 23 Breeding Phaseolus for Intercrop Combinations in Andean Highlands / J.P. Baudoin, F. Camarena, M. Lobo, G. Mergeai 373 -- 24 Improving Potato Resistance to Disease under the Global Initiative on Late Blight / B.R. Trognitz, M. Bonierbale, J.A. Landeo, G. Forbes, J.E. Bradshaw, G.R. Mackay, R. Waugh, M.A. Huarte, L. Colon 385 -- 25 A Mexican Bean Breeding Programme for Comprehensive Horizontal Resistance to all Locally Important Pests and Diseases / R. Garcia Espinosa, R.A. Robinson, P. Ramirez Vallejo, F. Castillo Gonzalez, F. Romero Rosales 399 -- 26 Impact of Decentralized and Participatory Plant Breeding on the Genetic Base of Crops / J.R. Witcombe 407 -- 27 Base-broadening for Client-oriented Impact: Insights Drawn from Participatory Plant Breeding Field Experience / L. Sperling, J. Ashby, E. Weltzien, M. Smith, S. McGuire 419 -- Final Statement by Participants in the Rome Workshop on Broadening the Genetic Base of Crops, September 1997 437.