Molecular Insights into the Aroma Difference between Beer and Wine: A Meta-Analysis-Based Sensory Study Using Concentration Leveling Tests

Abstract

Beer and wine are popular beverages with clearly different aroma characters, the molecular background of which has not yet been systematically investigated. A comprehensive literature survey returned 14 845 concentration values obtained from 160 beer and 904 wine samples, covering 42 basic beer and 42 basic wine odorants, among which 40 were common to both beverages. Based on mean concentrations and a comparison with threshold data, 29 beer and 32 wine odorants were finally selected to build aroma base models that reflected the basic olfactory difference between beer and wine. Orthonasal concentration leveling tests applied to groups of odorants with similar odor characteristics finally revealed the crucial role of fruity smelling compounds. When 11 fruity compounds, predominantly esters, in the beer aroma base model were adjusted to the respective concentration levels in the wine aroma base model, the sensory panel no longer described the sample as beer-like but as wine-like.