Association between risk factors and the risk level of obstructive sleep apnea in medical students Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Medical students are one group that is susceptible to sleep disorders. One of the symptoms experienced in the medical student is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), which is one of the most common and most important symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Aim: This study aims to determine the association between the level of risk of developing OSA with risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity as seen from BMI, neck circumference (NC), and Mallampati score in medical students. Methods: An analytical observational study using Berlin and STOP-BANG questionnaire as an instrument to screen OSA. The study was conducted from April 2021 until August 2021 in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Result: There were 87 participants aged 18-21 years old. The mean age was 19.71±0.70 years old. The bivariate analysis between BMI and risk level of OSA showed significant results as well as neck circumference using both Berlin criteria (p<0.05) and STOP-BANG criteria (p<0.05). For gender, the result showed significant results with Berlin criteria (p<0.05) but insignificant with STOP-BANG criteria (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the bivariate analysis between age, Mallampati score, alcohol consumption, and smoking showed insignificant results both with Berlin criteria (p>0.05) and STOP-BANG criteria (p>0.05). Conclusion: Gender, BMI, and neck circumference are related to the risk level of OSA using Berlin criteria, but only BMI and neck circumference are related to the risk level of OSA using STOP-BANG criteria in Surabaya medical students.