Unprecedentedly high activity and/or high regio-/ stereoselectivity of fluorenyl-based CGC allyl-type η3:η1-tert-butyl(dimethylfluorenylsilyl)amido ligated rare earth metal monoalkyl complexes in olefin polymerization

Abstract

A series of fluorenyl-based constrained-geometry-configuration (CGC) allyl-type rare earth metal monoalkyl complexes bearing the divalent anionic η3:η1-tert-butyl(dimethylfluorenylsilyl)amido (η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu) ligand (η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu)Ln(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2 (1-3) have been synthesized via the alkane elimination reaction between the FluHSiMe2NHtBu ligand and rare earth metal tri(trimethylsilylmethyl) complexes Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)n. Their structures are characterized by means of NMR spectrum, elemental analyses, and X-ray diffraction. These complexes 1-3 are isostructural and isomorphous, and each of them adopts a distorted-trigonal-bipyramidal configuration containing one η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu ligand, one CH2SiMe3 ligand, and two THF molecules. Unlike traditional CGC allyl-type rare earth metal complexes showing no or low activity and regio-/stereoselectivity in styrene or MMA polymerization, these complexes 1-3 exhibit high catalytic activities and/or high regio-/stereoselectivities in the cis-1,4-polymerization of isoprene and myrcene or in the syndiotactic polymerization of styrene under the aid of different activators (borate or borane) and AlR3. The in situ 1H NMR spectra suggest that the exchanges of chelating ligands such as alkyl groups and divalent anionic η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu ligands between rare earth metal centers and Al centers result in the formation of a heterobimetallic tetraalkylaluminate complex R2Al(μ-R)2Ln(R)(μ-R)2AlR2, which is activated by activators to form a divalent cationic species [Ln(μ-R)2AlR2]2+ as a catalytically active species in the coordination-insertion polymerization of olefins.