Optimizing sprinters' physical qualities through unconventional training conditions

Abstract

Background. The problem of developing the speed of movement and speed-strength qualities of sprinters can be solved by applying special exercises in artificially difficult training conditions. The purpose of the study is to explore the possibilities of using special training tools, in particular running in artificially difficult conditions at the stage of special physical training of sprinters of mass categories. Materials and methods: The study involved young men aged 17-19 years old in the number of 28 people who were engaged in sprint running in the athletics section at the sports school of the Olympic reserve of the city of Kirov (Russia). The pedagogical experiment commenced on November 5, 2022 and concluded on May 24, 2023. Through random sampling, athletes were categorized into a control group, following the standard methodology for training sprinters in natural challenging conditions, and an experimental group, where sprinters practiced in artificially induced challenging conditions. All athletes underwent control tests at the study's commencement and conclusion, including the long jump, triple jump, 20-meter run and 60-meter run. The Student's T-test was employed for result analysis. Results. After the end of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators in both groups improved. The sprinters from the control group had higher scores from 1% to 3% in all tests (p>0.05). This result indicates the relative effectiveness of the standard technique in working with sprinters aged 17-19 years in natural conditions of difficulty in performing exercises. In the athletes from the experimental group, from the beginning to the end of the study, the indicators improved from 4.5% to 5.9% on all tests (p<0.05). This proves the effectiveness of using a set of exercises and load components in working with athletes in artificially created difficult exercise conditions. Conclusion. If you use a special set of exercises in artificially created difficult conditions when working with sprinters aged 17-19, then the indicators of speed and strength abilities and speed of movement will significantly improve in comparison with athletes who train in natural conditions of difficulty.