Depression and Associated Factors Among Older Adults in a North Indian State: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION India is currently experiencing a significant increase in its elderly population, and it is predicted to rise. Depression is prevalent among the elderly population. This study aimed at measuring the prevalence of depression among the elderly population in India. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted in both urban and rural regions of Delhi, with a total of 230 participants recruited through systematic random sampling. This sampling method involved selecting households from a comprehensive list. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used as a screening tool for depression. Participants with a PHQ-9 score above 9 were considered to potentially experience depression. RESULTS The study findings revealed that 68.2% (95%CI: 61.8%-74.2%) of the total sample of 230 participants screened positive for depression. Gender (p = 0.02), age category (p < 0.01), place of residence (p < 0.01), and diabetes (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSION The study found a high prevalence of depression among the elderly population, with females, urban dwellers, and those with a history of diabetes being significantly associated with depression. Early detection through screening programs and community-based interventions could help manage depression in this vulnerable group.