Reviewing Civil Servants’ Well-Being and the Role of the Ecological System Theory

Abstract

The quality of life has been debated since the Tenth Malaysia Plan. It continues to be a vital aspect of the Eleventh Malaysia Plan to improve the community's living standards in line with Vision 2020 based on the Malaysian People's Well-Being Index (IKRM), which was first used in 2012. In general, well-being is a psychological (internally) form involving happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-efficacy, family life, employment, education, and finance. Well-being issues will continue to be discussed, especially in the context of civil servants being associated with success at the professional, personal, and interpersonal levels, with competent individuals showing higher productivity in the workplace, more effective learning, increased creativity, more prosocial behavior, and positive human relationships. Thus, this paper discusses the status of civil servants in Malaysia, the ecological system theory, and related past studies. Well-being is a dynamic process that will add value to human beings on how their lives can evolve positively or otherwise. Well-being is usually assessed from a psychological point of view which covers cognitive and affective aspects. These elements are an accurate measure to the individual to help towards well-being in life. This review can influence well-being by several key factors: physical health, quality of life, emotions, happiness, and good intimacy with society (social).