“Don’t let me be misunderstood” Critical AI literacy for the constructive use of AI technology

Abstract

• Research and development as well as societal debates on the risks of artificial intelligence (AI) often focus on crucial but imprac-tical ethical issues or on technocratic approaches to managing societal and ethical risks with technology. To overcome this, more practical, problem-oriented analytical perspectives on the risks of AI are needed. This article proposes an approach that focuses on a meta-risk inherent in AI systems: deep automation bias. It is assumed that the mismatch between system behavior and user practice in specific application con-texts due to AI -based automation is a key trigger for bias and other societal risks. The article presents the main factors of (deep) automation bias and outlines a framework providing indicators for the detection of deep automation bias ultimately triggered by such a mismatch. This approach intends to strengthen problem awareness and critical AI literacy and thereby create some practial use.