Challenges encountered in executing family routines: a comparison between neurotypical children and those having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Introduction: Daily routines play a central role in the child's development process and the establishment of harmonious family dynamics. However, many parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), report difficulties in establishing and maintaining routines. The aim of this study was to compare neurotypical, ASD, and ADHD children's performance on daily routines. Precisely, it aims to describe the difficulties, the impacts on the child and his family, and the nature of the difficulties. Method: The sample consisted of 205 children aged 6 to 12 years (M = 8.60, SD = 1.78; 31.7% girls), including 104 children with ADHD, 49 children with ASD, and 52 neurotypical children. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were performed to compare the three groups of participants, controlling for children's age and gender, parental education and family structure. Results: The results show that families of children with ADHD generally perceive routines as more difficult than those of neurotypical children. Children with ADHD experience significantly more frustration than neurotypical children when performing routines. According to parents, these difficulties in carrying out daily routines adversely affect the family climate, making it more stressful and unpleasant. Discussion: In conclusion, understanding the differences in the difficulties faced by these three groups of children in carrying out their daily routines will make it easier to support families in implementing interventions that are better adapted to the child's specific needs.