Impact of Less Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation on Heart Transplant Outcomes

Abstract

Left ventricular assist device implantation without sternotomy (LIS) may simplify heart transplantation (HTX) by avoiding adhesions and eliminating the need for a re-sternotomy. This study investigates the impact of LIS LVAD implantation on HTX outcomes. A retrospective comparison of 46 patients undergoing HTX between 07/13 and 06/19 after conventional LVAD implantation with a full sternotomy (FS) and LIS LVAD implantation (LIS: n = 27 patients, 59%; FS: n = 19 patients, 41%) was performed. Endpoints were perioperative data including blood product use, de-novo formation of donor specific antibodies (DSAs) and survival. Patient demographics (mean age FS: 60.3 ± 9.3 years vs LIS 58.0 ± 7.7 years, P = 0.313; male gender FS: 84% vs LIS: 82%, P = 1.000; urgent HTX FS: 16% vs LIS 18%, P = 1.000) were comparable between LIS and FS patients. The primary finding was a significantly higher risk to develop de novo donor specific antibodies (DSAs) after HTX in patients of the FS group (FS: 36% vs LIS: 4%; P = 0.006). LIS patients had a significant reduction of intraoperative packed red blood cells (PRBCs) use (LIS: 4 (IQR 2–7) Units vs FS: 7 (IQR 4–8) Units; P = 0.045). Other adverse events rates and in-hospital mortality (LIS: 7% vs FS 5%, P = 1.000) were comparable between both groups. LIS LVAD reduces formation of donor specific antibodies after HTX.