Mikroflora Jamur Produk Kakao Kering Serta Kemungkinan Penghambatan Jamur Penghasil Toksin oleh Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Bacillus Spp.

Abstract

Mycotoxins contamination in sun dried cocoa has become a concern in public health but it has not been studied thoroughly. This research aimed to understand the ecology of fungal contamination in relation to the occurrence of toxigenic metabolites in Indonesian and Australian fermented cocoa. The beans were surface disinfected with 0.4% chlorine, which then, the beans was deposited onto Dichloran 18 % Glycerol Agar (DG-18, OXOID). Total fungal count was obtained from serial dilutions on DG-18 medium. Streaking onto Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC, OXOID) purified a specific mould colony. Simultaneously, Aspergillus sec. Flavi colonies were confirmed using Aspergillus Flavus Parasiticus Agar (AFPA, OXOID). The confirmatory test was mainly based on morphological examination under phase contrast microscope. Fungal population in Indonesian beans varied between 104 – 106 cfu/g, while the populations on Queensland beans were consistently low (< 100 – 2.5 x 102 cfu/g). However, there was a high incidence of potentially mycotoxigenic filamentous fungi on all bean samples. The main species were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus wentii, Aspergillus clavatus, Penicillium citrinum, and Penicillium spinolosum. The beans from Queensland gave high counts of Bacillus species and lactic acid bacteria and it is suggested that they served