Feasibility of a Community-Based Boxing Program with Tailored Balance Training in Parkinson’s Disease: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at elevated risk of falling due to deficits in postural control, lower limb strength, and sensory integration. While community-based boxing programs (CBPs) have shown promise in improving strength and balance, their feasibility and potential role in addressing fall risk remain unclear. This preliminary, prospective cohort study explored the feasibility of a CBP enhanced with individualized balance training tailored to somatosensory deficits and explored early indications of potential impact on fall risk and related outcomes. Methods: Twenty individuals with mild-to-moderate PD participated in a 12-week exercise program consisting of group-based boxing, functional circuit training, and one-on-one balance training based on the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance. Self-reported falls were collected at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. Secondary outcomes included standard measures of balance, gait, and functional mobility. Results: Participants demonstrated significant improvements in balance and functional mobility including the Timed Up and Go (F(2, 40.85) = 24.83, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.580), Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (F(2, 78.13) = 50.22, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.736), and Berg Balance Scale (F(2, 193.39) = 12.72, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.414), among others. 4 participants experienced a decrease in falls, 2 experienced an increase, and the remainder had no change. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that integrating individualized balance training with a CBP is feasible and may positively influence functional mobility and balance in persons with PD. However, effects on fall reduction remain inconclusive. These results should be interpreted as exploratory and used to inform the design of future structured clinical trials.