Development of Medication Adminstration Self-Efficacy Scale in Children for Nursing Students and Psychometric Properties s

Abstract

Backround: Increasing lactation and eliminating breast problems using non-pharmacological methods are important for both breastfeeding, the continuity of breastfeeding. Objectives: This study was conducted examine postgraduate theses non-pharmacological methods used during breastfeeding in Turkey. Methods: The research was conducted as descriptive research based literature between January 12-April 22,2021. Data was collected using document analysis technique. In order to access postgraduate theses, the keywords:“lactation”,“breast milk”,“breast”,“breastfeeding”,“non-pharmacological method” were searched National Thesis Center of Council of Higher Education. Data were collected with Thesis Evaluation Form and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the postgraduate theses in study, 9 them were Department of Nursing and 7 them Department of Midwifery, non-pharmacological methods used for newborns during breastfeeding included skin-to-skin contact (n=10), music performance (n=5), the use pacifiers (n=2), breastfeeding support system (n=1), oral stimulation (n=1), baby massage (n=1), non-pharmacological methods used facilitate breastfeeding, increase lactation included progressive relaxation exercise (n=2), music performance (n=2), foot massage (n=1), cabbage application (n=1), in-bed exercise (n=1), oxytocin massage (n=1), acupressure (n=1), watching baby’s video (n=1), oral hydration (n=1), chewing gum (n=1), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (n=1), the use of breast milk (n=4), olive oil (n=3), cabbage (n=1), quince seed (n=1), hydrogel pad (n=1), hot compress (n=1), hot tea compress (n=1), breast shield (n=1), keeping the breast clean dry (n=1) were found non-pharmacological methods intended breast problems. Conclusion: While among non-pharmacological methods, kangaroo care, music performance, progressive relaxation exercise and breast milk application were found to have been studied more; practices other than in-bed exercise, early oral stimulation, chewing gum were found to effective for breastfeeding process.