Changes in the structure of urban mobility with the development of public transport

Abstract

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation has announced the possibility of introducing free fare public transport in cities by 2035 and charging car owners for using highways. The experience of other European cities shows that with introduction of free fare public transport, the share of public transport trips increases insignificantly, while the number of trips by individual transport, bicycle and on foot decreases. The paper examines the impact of public transport fare on the transport demand structure. The structure of transport demand is determined using simulation modeling on a transport macro-model of a large city with population of 800,000 people that does not have off-street transport. The paper proposes a criterion for determining generalized costs of travel by different transport systems, which converts monetary costs into time fares. Using the proposed criterion, it is possible to determine the cost of travel by different transport systems (individual transport, taxi, CarSharing, public transport, cycling and walking).