Bacteriologic Profile Along With Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pediatric Pyoderma in Eastern India

Abstract

Background Pyogenic skin infection (pyoderma) is a bacterial infection of the skin and its appendages. Primary pyoderma is caused by the direct invasion of healthy skin, whereas secondary pyoderma originates in diseased skin as superimposed conditions, such as scabies, pediculosis, wounds, insect bites, and eczema. This study aimed to identify the clinical patterns and risk factors of pyoderma in a pediatric population and to isolate various causative bacteria and determine their susceptibility patterns. Methodology A prospective study was performed at the Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India, for one year (from August 2016 to July 2017), which included all children younger than 12 years with pyoderma attending the outpatient dermatology department (as the study was conducted among the pediatric population, only children below 12 years of age were included). Sterile cotton swabs were used to aseptically collect exudates or pus from lesions and anterior nares, which were used for culture, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the causative organisms. Results During the study period, a total of 182 patients were included, 121 (66.48%) of whom had primary pyoderma and 61 (33.52%) of whom had secondary pyoderma. Of the 182 patients, 161 showed bacterial growth on culture: 126 (78.26%) were Staphylococcus aureus, 18 (11.18%) were coagulase-negative staphylococci, 16 (9.94%) were Streptococcus pyogenes, and 1 (0.62%) was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All staphylococci were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusions The most common cause of pyoderma in the pediatric age group is S. aureus, although the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was low in this hospital. Proper identification and antibiogram are required for managing these cases.