Free energy calculations and unbiased molecular dynamics targeting the liquid-liquid transition in water no man's land

Abstract

The existence of a first-order phase transition between a low-density liquid (LDL) and a high-density liquid (HDL) form of supercooled water has been a central and highly debated issue of physics and chemistry for the last three decades. We present a computational study that allows us to determine the free-energy landscapes of supercooled water over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions using the TIP4P/2005 force field. Our approach combines topology-based structural transformation coordinates, state-of-the-art free-energy calculation methods, and extensive unbiased molecular dynamics. All our diverse simulations cannot detect any barrier within the investigated timescales and system size, for a discontinuous transition between the LDL and HDL forms throughout the so-called "no man's land,"until the onset of the solid, non-diffusive amorphous forms.