Association of socio-demographic factors with measles vaccination coverage among Indonesian children aged 12-23 months: a nationwide study

Abstract

Background. This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic factors associated with measles vaccination coverage among Indonesian children aged 12–23 months, using data from a nationally representative survey. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas), including 19,425 children aged 12–23 months. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with measles vaccination status, and subgroup analyses were performed across three regional clusters. Results. Of the children surveyed, 73.46% had received measles vaccination, 68.14% had at least one antenatal care visit per trimester, and 53.59% had received at least one postnatal care visit. The most significant predictors of measles vaccination were frequent postnatal care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86-2.99) and higher maternal education (AOR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.30-4.10). Other associated factors included the age and employment status of the head of the household (as defined by the Riskesdas study), travel time to healthcare facilities, household expenditure, and urban–rural residence. Conclusion. Utilization of postnatal care and higher maternal education were key determinants of measles vaccination coverage. Improving maternal healthcare access and promoting female education may enhance vaccination uptake among Indonesian children.