MRI Extracellular Volume Fraction in Liver Fibrosis—A Comparison of Different Time Points and Blood Pool Measurements

Abstract

Background: Extracellular volume (ECV) correlates with the degree of liver fibrosis. Purpose: To analyze the performance of liver MRI-based ECV evaluations with different blood pool measurements at different time points. Study Type: Prospective. Sample: 73 consecutive patients (n = 31 females, mean age 56 years) with histopathology-proven liver fibrosis. Field Strength/Sequence: 3T acquisition within 90 days of biopsy, including shortened modified look–locker inversion recovery T1 mapping. Assessment: Polygonal regions of interest were manually drawn in the liver, aorta, vena cava, and in the main, left and right portal vein on four slices before and after Gd-DOTA administration at 5/10/15 minutes. ECV was calculated 1) on one single slice on portal bifurcation level, and 2) averaged over all four slices. Statistical Tests: Parameters were compared between patients with fibrosis grades F0-2 and F3-F4 with the Mann–Whitney U and fishers exact test. ROC analysis was used to assess the performance of the parameters to predict F3-4 fibrosis. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: ECV was significantly higher in F3-4 fibrosis (35.4% [33.1%–37.6%], 36.1% [34.2%–37.5%], and 37.0% [34.8%–39.2%] at 5/10/15 minutes) than in patients with F0-2 fibrosis (33.3% [30.8%–34.8%], 33.7% [31.6%–34.7%] and 34.9% [32.2%–36.0%]; AUC = 0.72–0.75). Blood pool T1 relaxation times in the aorta and vena cava were longer on the upper vs. lower slices at 5 minutes, but not at 10/15 minutes. AUC values were similar when measured on a single slice (AUC = 0.69–0.72) or based on blood pool measurements in the cava or portal vein (AUC = 0.63–0.67 and AUC = 0.65–0.70). Data Conclusion: Liver ECV is significantly higher in F3-4 fibrosis compared to F0-2 fibrosis with blood pool measurements performed in the aorta, inferior vena cava, and portal vein at 5, 10, and 15 minutes. However, a smaller variability was observed for blood pool measurements between slices at 15 minutes. Level of Evidence: 1. Technical Efficacy: Stage 3.