CKD-Associated Pruritus is Associated with Greater Use of Antidepressants and Anti-pruritus Medications

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common, yet underdiagnosed condition among patients on hemodialysis. Considering the lack of established treatment pathways, we sought to evaluate the use of antidepressant, systemic antihistamines, or gabapentinoid medications among patients with CKD-aP in the year following pruritus assessment. Methods: We included 6209 patients on hemodialysis in the analysis. We retrospectively extracted clinical and patient-reported data from electronic health records. The intensity of CKD-aP was assessed by KDQOL-36 and 5-D Itch questionnaires. Prescription of antidepressant, antihistamine, and gabapentinoids was ascertained by the occurrence of a relevant active medical order in patients’ medical records. Results: We observed a consistent and graded association between the severity of CKD-aP and the use of antidepressant, systemic antihistamines, and gabapentinoid medications. This association remained consistent and intensified over the duration of the year after pruritus screening. This trend was robust even after accounting for potential confounding factors. Conclusions: Patterns of antipruritic medication use in a cohort of patients with CKD-aP was identified and the frequent use of off-label treatments in the absence of approved therapies was highlighted. These observations reflect clinical practices aimed at managing severe pruritus but do not imply a causal relationship between the medications and pruritus severity. Even though we cannot exclude the possibility that these drugs have been prescribed to treat medical conditions warranting their use, previous evidence suggested that doctors may also use such medications in an attempt to buffer CKD-aP. These findings underline the importance of further elucidating current treatment strategies adopted in clinical practice to address CKD-aP.